New Titles

Impact of endorser type on consumer purchase intentions in Pakistan fashion marketing : The mediating role of brand trust and the moderating role of age cohort

Rizwan, Rajaa [22L-6044]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management science. Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements List of Tables. List of Figures List of Acronyms. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Research Gap. 1.4 Research Objectives 1.5 Research Questions 1.6 UN SDG Goal 2. Literature Review 2.1 Consumer Purchase Intention.... 2.2 Type of Endorser and Consumer Purchase Intention. 2.3 Mediating Role of Brand Trust in the Relationship of Type of Endorser and Consumer Purchase Intention. 2.4 Moderating Role of Age Cohorts in the Relationship of Type of Endorser and Consumer purchase intentions. 2.5 Theoretical Model 3. Hypothesis Development. 4. Research Methodology and Data Collection 4.1 Research Design and Methodology. 4.1.1 Purpose of Study. 4.1.2 Type of Study 4.1.3 Researcher's Interference and Data Collection. 4.1.4 Unit of Analysis 4.1.5 Time Horizon. 4.2 Data Collection... 4.2.1 Measurement. 4.2.2 Sampling. 4.3 Data Analysis 4.4 Measuring Constraints.. 4.5 Assessment of Common Method Variance (CMV) 5. Results and Discussion 5.1 Exploratory Phase 5.2 Goodness of Data 5.3 Hypothesis Testing. 5.4 Mediation Test. 5.5 Moderation Test 6. Conclusion and Discussion. 7. Practical Implications. 8. Limitations. 9. Future line of research.. 10. References. 11. Appendix. 8.1 Questionnaire 8.2 PLS Results 8.2.1 PLS-SEM Path Model. 8.2.2 Bootstrapping Results (Structural Model).. 8.2.3 PLS Algorithm Results Graph (with path coefficient values). Abstract The modern fashion has become a symbol of identity, social status and personal style. Digital media has revolutionized the customer interaction with fashion brands in Pakistan. The concept of traditional celebrities endorsing products is now being challenged by social media influencers who are able to build deeper and more authentic connections with their audience. However, not much research has been conducted to compare the effect of celebrities and influencers on the purchase intentions of consumers in the Pakistani fashion industry, particularly considering age groups and brand trust. In this study we look at the effect of endorser type on consumer purchase intention in the Pakistani fashion sector. It also sees if BT mediates this relationship and if age cohorts moderate it. The generations that are a part of this study are Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z. We used a quantitative research design and collected the data through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS, with 360 responses analyzed. The results suggest that endorser type has a very significant and positive influence on CPL. The relationship between endorsements and purchase intention is significantly moderated by BT, signifying that the more the endorsement creates trust in the brand, the stronger the consumers' purchase intention. However, ACs do not really moderate this relationship, meaning all generations have the same reaction towards endorsers. Keywords: Fashion industry, Endorser type, Consumer purchase intention, Brand trust, Age groups.

Date Published:2026

Fikr-e-Ghamidi : aik tahqiqi aur tajziyati mutala'ah

Zubair, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad,

علامہ جاوید احمد غامدی صاحب اپنے تجدد پسندانہ نظریات کے حوالے سے کافی شہرت رکھتے ہیں۔ میڈیا کی کرم فرمائی کی وجہ سے علامہ صاحب کو روشن خیال طبقوں میں کافی پذیرائی حاصل ہوئی ہے۔ علامہ صاحب کےگمراہ کن اور منہج سلف سے ہٹے ہوئے نظریات پر بہت سے لوگوں نے مختلف انداز میں تنقید کی ہے۔ ڈاکٹر حافظ زبیر صاحب کا شمار بھی ایسے لوگوں میں ہوتا ہے جنھوں نے غامدی صاحب کے خوشنما افکار کی قلعی کھولنے میں کلیدی کردار ادا کیا۔ آپ نے نہایت سنجیدہ اور علمی انداز میں ہر فورم پر غامدی صاحب کے نظریات کو ہدف تنقید بنایا۔ زیر تبصرہ کتاب غامدی صاحب اور اہل سنت کے اصول استنباط اور قواعد تحقیق کے ایک تقابلی مطالعہ پر مشتمل ہے۔ یعنی اس کتاب میں غامدی صاحب کے اختیار کردہ اصولوں پر نقد کیا گیا ہے فروعات کو موضوع بحث نہیں بنایا گیا ہے۔ غامدی صاحب کے افکار پر نقد دو اعتبارات سے کیا گیا ہے۔ ایک کتاب و سنت کی روشنی میں اور دوسرا خود غامدی صاحب کے اصولوں کی روشنی میں۔ حافظ صاحب خاصیت ہےکہ شخصیات پر تنقید سے گریز کرتے اور ممکن حد تک نرم انداز میں گفتگو کرتے ہیں اور صرف نظریات کو موضوع بحث بنانے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں۔ یہی خوبی ان کی زیر نظر تصنیف میں بھی واضح طور پر عیاں ہے۔ یہ کتاب ان مضامین پر مشتمل ہے جو کہ ماہنامہ ’’الشریعہ‘‘ میں شائع ہوئے۔ بعد میں تنظیم اسلامی کے سالانہ اجتماع 2006ء کے موقع پر انہی مضامین کو یکجا کرکے کچھ اضافوں اور تبدیلیوں کے ساتھ ایک کتاب کی شکل دے کر شائع کردیا گیا۔ یہ اس کتاب کا پہلا پمفلٹ ایڈیشن تھا جس کو ایک طرف تو علمی وفکری حلقوں میں کافی پذیرائی ملی جبکہ دوسری طرف عوام الناس کی طرف سے اسے آسان فہم بنانے کی خواہش کا بھی اظہار کیا گیا۔ لہذا جس حد تک ممکن ہو سکتا تھا مصنف نے اپنی طرف سے اس کتاب کو آسان سے آسان تر بنانے کی کوشش کی ، اور اس کتاب کا دوسرا ایڈیشن شائع ہوا۔ کچھ ہی عرصہ بعد کچھ مزید اضافوں اور تبدیلیوں کے ساتھ اس کتاب کا تیسرا نظرثانی شدہ ایڈیشن شائع کیا گیا۔ اب اس کتاب کا چوتھا ایڈیشن شائع کیا جارہا ہے ۔چونکہ پہلے ایڈیشن کو باقاعدہ ایڈیشن شمار نہیں کیا گیا ہے لہذا اس ایڈیشن کو باقاعدہ طور پر تیسرے ایڈیشن کا نام دیا گیا ہے ۔ اس دوران مصنف کی غامدی صاحب سے براہ راست تین ، چار نشستیں بھی ہوئیں جن میں مصنف کو ان کے فکر کو مزید گہرائی میں سمجھنے کا موقع ملا۔ اس ایڈیشن میں کافی اضافے اور تہذیب وتنقیح بھی کی گئی ہے۔.

Date Published:2012

T and A Fragrance : A business plan for a sustainable perfume brand in pakistan

Habib,Ayesha

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management sciences. Reasoning behind the Business 1.2 Alliances with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Company Description 2.1 Mission Statemen t2.2 Core Values 2.3 Vision Statement 2.4 Nature of Business 2.4.1 Marketplace Needs 2.4.2 Methods of Need Satisfaction 2.4.3 Target Audience 2.5 Distinctive Competencies 2.5.1 Customer Satisfaction 2.5.2 Service Delivery Efficiencies 2.5.3 Geographic Advantages 2.6 Tagline 2.7 LogoMarket Overview 3.1 Overview of the Industry 3.1.1 Overview of the Primary Industry 3.1.2 Dimensions of the Industry 3.1.3 Industry Characteristics and Trends 3.1.4 Main Customer Segments 3.1.5 Main Industry Rivals 3.2 Target Markets 3.2.2 Estimating the Dimension of the Primary/Target Marke 3.2.3 Market in Position 3.2.4 Pricing/Gross Margin Targets 3.2.5 Identifying Members of the Target Market 3.2.6 Media to Reach the Target Market 3.2.7 Purchasing Cycle of Potential Customers 3.2.8 Trends and Changes in the Target Market 3.2.9 Secondary Target Markets and Key Attributes 3.3 Market Test Results 3.4 Lead Times 3.4.1 Pre-Ordering 3.4.2 Re-orders 3.4.3 Volume Purchases 3.5 Competitive Analysis 3.5.1 Porter Five Forces 3.5.2 SWOT Analysis 4. Products and Services 4.1 Description of Products and Services: 4.2 User's Perspective 4.2.1 Specific Benefits of the Product/Service 4.2.2 Ability to Meet Needs 4.2.3 Competitive Advantage s4.2.4 Current Stage 4.3 Product Life Cycle: 4.3.1 Reasons Why It Is Taking Longer 4.3.2 Reasons Why It Is Taking A Shorter Time 4.4 Copyrights, Patents, and Trade Se Research and Developmen 5.1 Ongoing Activities 4.5.2 Planned ActivitiesMarketing Strategy 5.1 Overall Marketing Strategy 5.2 Pricing Strategy 5.2.1 Product Pricing 5.2.2 Discounts, Incentives, and Allowances 5.2.3 Price Flexibility 5.3 Sales and Distribution Strategy 5.3.1 Distribution Channels 5.3.2 Order Processing and Fulfillment 5.3.3 Sales Forecast 5.3.4 Sales Personnel and Training 5.4 Advertising and Promotion Strategy 5.4.1 Advertising Objectives 5.4.2 Promotional Strategy 5.4.3 Advertising Media and Schedule 5.4.4 Marketing Research and Customer FeedbackOperations 6.1 Overview 6.1.1 Production ProcessSourcing Raw MaterialsBlending and FormulationBottling and Packaging Ownership and Human Resource Management 7.1 Management Staff Structure 7.1.1 Narrative Description of Organisational Chart 7.1.2 Ownership Structure 7.2 Key Managers 7.3 Planned Additions to the Current Management Team 7.3.1 Operations Director 7.4 Ownership and Governance 8 Funds Required and Their Uses 8.1 Current Funding Requirements (2025) 8.2 Future Funding Requirements 8.3 Exit Strategy 8.3.1 Strategic Trade Sale 8.3.2 Private Investor/Angel Buy-In 8.3.3 Wind Down and Asset Liquidation9 Financial Data 9.1 Quarterly Reports 9.1.1 Quarter 1 9.1.2 Quarter 2 9.1.3 Quarter 3 9.1.4 Quarter 4 9.2 Income Statemen 9.3 Balance Sheet 9.4 Cash Flow Statemen t9.5 Ratios 9.5.1 Profitability Ratios 9.5.2 Asset Management Ratios 9.5.3 Liquidity Ratios. AI Mode All Visual matches About this image Search tools AI Overview Based on the provided text image, here is the full text from the Executive Summary: Executive Summary: The company in question is T & A Fragrancia, a company that has started offering personalized and affordable luxury fragrances that were previously only designed and found abroad. As with many other products, the competition has led to a rise in the price of products in the market due to increased importation duties and the spread of counterfeit fragrances. As a consequence, the market is left with the demand for affordable, but of high quality, fragrances. As a result, the company’s philosophy and slogan is blending luxury with democratic values, while aiming to maintain a high level of honesty and transparency, and fostering an ethical and trusted relationship with the client. The company is a digital first, direct-to-consumer company, and is therefore able to avoid the complex and costly retail relationships that characterize traditional systems. The company’s diverse product line includes ‘designer dupes’, high-end oil perfumes, a ‘unisex’ line, travel editions of the perfumes, and custom-made gift sets. The perfumes utilize and mix high-quality, durably stored, temperate climate appropriate, longevity and quality-formulated oils manufactured in the Middle East, the European Union, and Pakistan, bringing value to the customer while also complying with high-tempering climate standards in Pakistan. This document aims to outline some of the sustainable development goals of the T & A Fragrancia brand, particularly sustainable economic growth, industrial innovation and infrastructure, responsible consumption, and climate action partnerships. Extensive market research forecast demands for long-lasting perfumes packed in high-end packaging. The primary segment of consumers are those who prefer to order from social media. These insights are backed by industry stats and competitive market analysis. T & A Fragrancia developed a scalable business model with quality duplication, customer centricity, operational efficiency, digital marketing, and strong competitors. T & A Fragrancia is growing to become a reputable fragrance provider in Pakistan. If you'd like, let me know if you need help with: Summarizing the core business model into key bullet points Analyzing the specific market challenges mentioned .

Date Published:2026

The role of hr in managing multi-generational workforce in Pakistan

Jabeen, Aira [22L-6057]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management science. Table of Contents Acknowledgement for Project Work Contribution Acknowledgement Abstract List of Tables. List of Figures. List of Acronyms. 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Statement. 1.3 Research Gap 1.4 Purpose of Research... 1.5 Research Questions 1.6 Scope of Research. 1.7 UN Sustainable Development Goals SDG 4: Quality Education - Practices in HR Training. SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth - Engagement of Employees.... SDG 10: Less Inequality - Inclusion in the Workplace SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions - Ethical HR Practices 1.8 Definition of Terms. Training Practices of Human Resource (HR) Employee Engagement Workplace Inclusion Generational Diversity Purposive Sampling 2. Literature Review, 2.1 Research Variables 21 21 21 21 22 2.1.1 HR Training Practices. 2.1.2 Employee Engagement 2.1.3 The Mediating Role of Workplace Inclusion in the Relationship of HR Training Practices and Employee Engagement 2.1.4 The Moderating Tole of Generation Type in the Relationship of HR Training Practices and Employee Engagement 2.2 Relationship between the Research Variables.... 2.2.1 HR Training Practices and Employee Engagement 2.2.2 HR Practices, Workplace Inclusion and Employee Outcomes 2.2.3 HR Training Practices and Generation Type. 2.2.4 HR Training Practices and Workplace Inclusion 2.3 Research Framework 2.4 Hypothesis Development. 2.5 Theoretical Support. 2.5.1 HR Training Practices and Employee Outcomes. 2.5.1.1 Social Exchange Theory (SET).. 2.5.2 HR Practices, Workplace Inclusion and Employee Outcomes 2.5.2.1 Relationship Management Theory 3. Research Methodology and Data Collection 3.1 Design of the Study.. 3.2 Sampling 3.2.1 Size of the Sample 3.2.2 Obtaining the Information. 3.2.3 Ethical Considerations 3.2.4 Statistical Tools 3.2.5 Statistical Methods. 3.2.6 Limitations of Methodology 3.3 Measurement of Scale. 3.4. Data Collection 3.4.1 Quantitative Method Employed. 3.4.2 Sampling Plan and Data Collection. 3.4.3 Difficulties Encountered in the Data Collection Process. 4. Result and Analysis. 5. Implications.. 5.1 Theoretical Implications 5.2 Practical Implications... 5.3 Future Research Directions. 6. References. 7. Appendices. 8. Google Form. Abstract In the modern dynamic workforce environment, the administration of multi-generational workforce has been becoming important in the various industries. In a bid to achieve productivity and harmony, managing the diverse expectations, values and work preferences of different age brackets has become a critical issue of concern especially considering the diverse work preferences in the organization. The multi-generational employees who work in the organizations located in Lahore, Pakistan are the population of the study. The research is sampled based on 250-300 respondents who we gathered by use of a non-probability sampling method referred to as purposive/judgemental sampling. This research applies the survey method and a structured closed-ended questionnaire comprising of pre-validated scales will be developed to collect data. The data was subjected to scrutiny by statistical software e.g. the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) which we used to formally test our hypotheses. Because of the specific and challenging organizational climate in Pakistan where resources are frequently lacking and the HR mechanisms are poorly developed, the debate on how HR activities, particularly the training. can enhance the performance and involvements is a crucial part of theory development and transformation. We made our study on the impact of HR training practices on employee engagement and how such a relationship is mediated by the inclusion at workplace and moderated by the type of generation. A company that invests in the training of the workforce has higher chances to have more financial prosperity and a more motivated workforce. Keywords: Human resource management, Training and development, Organizational performance, Generational diversity, Developing economy, Pakistan.

Date Published:2026

Impact of ai disclosure on behavioural intentions : The role of moderating effect of ai aversion with perceived eeriness as mediation

Asim, Laiba [22L-6006]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management science. Abstract Acknowledgment List of Tables List of Figures List of Acronyms 1. Introduction 1.1. The Research Problem 1.2. The Research Question 1.3. Research Objectives 1.4. Research Gap 1.5. Scope of study 1.6. Significance of the study 1.7. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1.7.1.SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. 1.7.2.SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production 2. Literature Review. 2.1. The Independent Variable Al Disclosure 2.2. The Dependent Variable: Behavioral Intentions 2.3. The Mediating Variable: Perceived Eeriness 2.4. The Moderating Variable: Al Aversion 2.5. Theoretical Framework 2.6. Hypothesis 3. Research Design and Methodology 3.1. Research Framework 3.1.1. Purpose of the study: Hypothesis Testing 3.1.2. Type of Study: Causal 3.1.3. The extent of Researcher Interference: Minimal 3.1.4. Study Setting: Non-Contrived (Field Setting) 3.1.5. Unit of Analysis: Individual 3.1.6. Time Horizon: Cross-Sectional 3.2. Data Collection 3.2.1. Sources of Data 3.2.2. Data Collection Method 3.2.3. Data Collection Tool 3.3. Measurements Scale 3.3.1. Al Disclosure 3.3.2. Behavioral Intentions 3.3.3. Perceived Eeriness 3.3.4. Al Aversion 3.4. Sampling 3.4.1. Population and Element 3.4.2. Sample and Subject 3.4.3. Representatives of sampling 4. Data Analysis and Results 4.1. Reliability Assessment 4.1.1. Cronbach's Alpha (a) 4.1.2. Composite Reliability (CR/rho_c) 4.1.3. Dijkstra-Henseler's Rho (rho_A) 4.2 Validity Assessment 4.2.1 Convergent Validity 4.3. Discriminant Validity 4.3.1. HTMT - Hetero Trait Mono Trait Ratio 4.3.2. Forrnell-Larcker Criterion 4.4. Multicollinearity Assessment 4.5. Structural Model Assessment 4.5.1. Coefficients of Determination (R²) 4.5.2. F-Square (f) 4.5.3. Significance of Path Coefficients 4.5.4. Mediation Effect 5. Discussion and Conclusion 5.1. Discussion of Findings 5.2. Conclusion 6. Theoretical & Practical Implications 6.1. Theoretical Implications 6.1.1. Supporting Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) Framework 6.1.2. Supporting the concept of Uncanny Valley 6.1.3. Supporting the Signaling Theory 6.2 Practical Implications 7. Limitations. 8. Future Guidelines References Appendix. Abstract This paper explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) disclosure in marketing content affects consumer behavior intention and how the disclosure influences the underlying psychological processes. It suggests a moderated model of mediation according to which the revelation of Al-generated content leads to the feeling of perceived eeriness - the uncomfortable, uncanny emotional state which can, in turn, affect the purchase intentions, sharing intentions, and intentions to interact negatively. In addition, the model assumes that the level of AI aversion moderates this indirect effect; consumers who are more averted have a more negative emotional and behavioral reaction. This research proves this conditional pathway empirically through the use of a quantitative experimental design. The results can provide significant strategic implications to marketers by indicating that although transparency based on Al disclosure is becoming a necessity, it should be conducted in a controlled manner. The awareness of the functions of eeriness and AI aversion may be used as a method of communication that prevents adverse responses and establishes trust and eventually leads to consumer involvement in an increasingly automated digital environment.

Date Published:2026

The influence of social media marketing on university students purchase decision in Pakistan's apparel industry through brand loyalty and online reviews

Arsal, Muhammad [22L-6004]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management sciences. Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1.1 Research Problem 1.2 Research Questions. 1.3 Research Objectives.. 1.4 Research Gap. 1.5 Scope of the Study 1.6 Sustainable Development Goals. 1. First Alignment: SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure 2. Second Alignment: SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth. 3. Third Alignment: SDG 12 Responsible Consumption And Production. 2. Literature Review. 2.1 Social Media Marketing (Independent Variable) 2.2 Online Reviews (Mediator). 2.3 Brand Loyalty (Mediator) 2.4 Purchase Decision (DV) 2.5 Theoretical Framework 2.5.1 Social Media Marketing (Independent Variable) OF MIS 2.5.2 Online Reviews (Informational Pathway, Mediating Variable) 2.5.3 Brand Loyalty (Emotional Pathway, Mediating Variable). 2.5.4 Purchase Decision (Dependent Variable) 2.5.5 Pathways. 2.6 Hypothesis Development. 2.6.1 The Direct Effect of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Decisions 2.6.2 The Information Pathway: The Use of Online Reviews in Decision Making 2.6.3 The Emotional Pathway: How Brand Loyalty Creates a Strong Connection 3. Methodology. 3.1 Research Design... 3.1.1 Purpose of the Study 3.1.2 Type of Study. 3.1.3 Extent of Researcher Interference. 3.1.4 Study Setting.. 3.1.5 Unit of Analysis. 3.1.6 Time Horizon. 3.2 Data Collection 3.2.1 Sources of Data. 3.2.2 Data Collection Method. 3.2.3 Data Collection Tool Design OF FEAR OF 3.3 Measurement of Study Variables. 3.3.1 Social Media Marketing. 3.3.2 Online Reviews. 3.3.3 Brand Loyalty. 3.3.4 Purchase Decision. 3.4 Sampling Design... 3.4.1 Population 3.4.2 Element 3.4.3 Population Frame 3.4.4 Sample & Subjects. 3.4.5 Representativeness of Sampling 3.4.6 Type of Sampling. 4. Results & Data Analysis 4.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents 4.2 Descriptive Statistics. 4.3 Structural Model Assessment 4.4 Normality Assessment 4.5 Internal Consistency Reliability and Convergent Validity 4.6 Factor Analysis 4.7 Multicollinearity Test. 4.8 Model Explanatory Power 4.9 Effect Size (f²). 4.10 Structural Model and Hypothesis Testing. 5. Discussion & Conclusion... 5.1 Discussion of Findings. 5.2 Practical Implications. 5.3 Future Research 5.4 Limitations References. Abstract This study examines the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on purchase decisions of university students (aged 18-26) in Pakistan's apparel industry, with online reviews and brand loyalty as mediators. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 386 university students via a structured questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping was employed to test direct and indirect relationships. Results indicate that SMM significantly influences purchase decisions (B=0.336, p<0.001). Online reviews (ẞ= 0.193, p < 0.001) and brand loyalty (B 0.143, p < 0.001) partially mediate this relationship, with the informational pathway (reviews) demonstrating stronger effects than the emotional pathway (loyalty). The model explains 58.7% of variance in purchase decisions. Findings provide apparel brand managers with evidence-based guidance for allocating marketing resources between review management and loyalty building activities in Pakistan's digital marketplace. Key words: Social Media Marketing, Purchase Decisions, University Students, Apparel Industry, Brand Loyalty, Online Reviews, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

Date Published:2026

Bridging the digital perfomance gap in FMCG distribution : Empirical evidence from Pakistan

Hussain, Abdullah [22L-6048]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management science. List of contents: Abstract Acknowledgment List of contents: List of Tables: List of Figures: List of Anacronyms 1. Introduction.. 1.1 Research Background. 1.2 Research Problem Statement 1.4 Research Objectives 1.5 Research Gap 1.6 Scope of the study 2. Literature review. 2.1 Digital Transformation in FMCG and Emerging Markets. 2.2 IT Capability Barriers and Digital Underutilization.. 2.3 Technology Adoption and Frontline Productivity. 2.4 Digital Adoption Challenges in FMCG: Infrastructure, Cost, and Organizationa Readiness. 2.5 Organizational and Human Capability Barriers to Digital Adoption. 2.6 Transparency in Performance Measurement Systems 2.7 Behavioural Response, Fairness, and Change at the Frontline 2.8 Digital Adoption Barriers and Front-Line Staff Performance 2.9 Digital Technology and Employee Productivity. 2.10 Digitalization and Work Efficiency 2.11 IT Capability and Firm Performance. 2.12 Employee Training and Digital Adoption. 2.13 Resistance to Technological Change 2.14 Transparency and Employee Performance 2.15 Digital Transformation in Emerging Markets 2.16 Theoretical Framework 2.17 Operational Definitions of the Variables. 2.17.1 Manual Performance Tracking Method 2.17.2. Staff Access to Performance Data: 2.17.4. Digital Adoption Barriers. 2.17.5. Frontline Staff Performance. 2.18 Testable Hypotheses. 3. Research Design and Methodology 3.1 Research Design. 3.2 Research Approach 3.3 Population and Sample. 3.4 Data Collection Methods. 3.4.1 Primary Data. 3.4.2 Secondary Data 3.5 Research Instrument: Questionnaire Development 3.5.1 Survey Instrument Design. 3.6. Research Instrument Validity and Reliability 3.6.1 Content Validity 3.6.2 Reliability: 3.7 Data Analysis Techniques. 3.7.1 Qualitative Data 3.7.2 Quantitative Data 3.7.3 Triangulation. 3.8 Ethical Considerations. 4. Data Analysis and Results 4.1 Descriptive Statistics 4.2 Measurement Model Assessment: 4.2.1 Indicator Reliability. 4.2.2 Internal Consistency Reliability. 4.2.3 Convergent Validity 4.2.4 Discriminant Validity. 4.3 Structural Model Assessment 4.3.1 Collinearity Assessment 4.3.2 Direct Effects and Hypothesis Testing. 4.3.3 Coefficient of Determination (R³). 4.3.4 Effect Sizes (f). 5. Discussion. 5.1 Interpretation of Key Findings. 5.2 Theoretical Implications 5.3 Practical Implications. 6. Limitations 7. Conclusion 8. Recommendations 9. Future Research Directions 10. References. 11. Appendix A: Employee Performance Tracking System Survey Questionna 12. Appendix B: Business Cards of References. Abstract This research attempts to explore the use of digital tools and performance management in increasing the efficiency and interest of frontline distribution personnel in Pakistani FMCGs. Whilst global FMCGs widely apply digital structures to oversee and enhance workforce performance, local firms apply predominantly the traditional approaches, which lead to ineffective operation and lack of involvement in employees. The study analyses the existing practice in Pakistan, determines the gaps in digital adoption and compares it with the global best practices. It also examines how a customized digital platform can solve the issues which are encountered by the managers and frontline employees such as performance tracking, communication and retention. By suggesting the framework that is in line with international standards but tailored to the local requirements, the study will offer practical recommendations that will enhance productivity, employee satisfaction, and efficiency at the FMCG sector in Pakistan. Keywords: digital adoption, performance management, frontline staff, FMCG Pakistan, employee engagement.

Date Published:2026

AI-Based guest feedback and experience platform clairvoix

Zafar, Khadija [22L-6033]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management sciences. List of Tables List of Figures List of Acronyms Introduction 1Background 1.2 Mission 1.3 Vision Business Plan Business Theory 1.6 Core Values LOGO Design Concept.2 Color Palette Typography 1.8 Business Cards 2.1.2 Restaurant Analytics 2.1.3 Fast Food Chain Analytics 2.1.4 Café & Coffee Shops Analytics 2.2 Specific Benefits of Services 2.3 Competitive Advantage 3. Target Market 3.1 Primary Market 3.1.1 Critical Need 3.1.2 Current Market Situation 3.1.3 Demographics and Geographic Location 3.1.4 Seasonal Trends 3.1.5 Market Segments 3.1.6 Decision Makers 4. Marketing Channels & Sales Strategy 4.1 Business Model 4.2 Marketing Strategy 4.3 Clients 4.3.1 HN Foods, Lahore 4.3.2 Pearl Continental, Lahore 4.4 Pilot Partnerships 4.4.1 Johnny and Jugnu 4.4.2 Avari Lahore 5. Market Analysis 5.1 SWOT Analysis 5.1.1 Strengths 5.1.2 Weaknesses 5.1.3 Opportunities 5.1.4 Threats 5.2 PESTEL Analysis 5.2.1 Political 5.2.2 Economic 5.2.3 Social 5.2.4 Technological 5.2.5 Environmental 5.2.6 Legal 5.3 Porter's Five Forces 5.3.1 Threat of New Entrants 5.3.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 5.3.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers 5.3.4 Threat of Substitutes 5.3.5 Industry Rivalry 6. Organizational Structure 6.1 Roles & Responsibilities 6.1.1 Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Abdul Hanan 6.1.2 Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) – Roha Abid 6.1.3 Chief Operating Officer (COO) – Khadija Zafar 7. Human Resource Policy 7.1 Hiring 7.1.1 Recruitment and Selection 7.1.2 Employee Onboarding and Probation Research Design and Methodology . ClairVoix is an AI-based customer feedback system for Pakistani hospitality businesses. The platform improves customer feedback collection and usage in hotels, restaurants, cafés, and fast-food chains through an intelligent centralized system which replaces outdated fragmented collection methods. Operating as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution, ClairVoix offers key features which include QR-based digital survey, sentiment analysis, gap analysis and interactive dashboards. This enables businesses to create valuable insights into customer feedback which pertains to service quality, staff performance and overall guest satisfaction. The system assists managers in identifying service gaps via data-driven decision making. The market analysis proved the stance that there exists a real and strong need for a solution, especially in premium hospitality segments. It has also been observed that Pakistan’s hospitality sector is moving towards more digitalization and customer centric approach. Hence, the demand for AI-based guest feedback management system is strong. ClairVoix tries to stand out with affordable pricing structure, tailored design and real time analytics. This gives a competitive edge over market rivals. The whole business model leans on effective management, a capable workforce, and ongoing development. Pilot partnerships, direct outreach, and referral driven growth model are applied to build credibility and pull in clients for business. The platform already shows strong market acceptance in hospitality through early validation testing in pilot projects. These include HN Foods, Pear Continental Lahore, Johnny & Jugnu, and Avari Lahore. The company provides an efficient and scalable solution which helps our clients to build strong customer relationships and achieve long-term business growth.Keywords: AI-based guest feedback system, SaaS platform sentiment analysis, real-me dashboards, service quality, hospitality technology.

Date Published:2026

The impact of hybrid work on retention of gen z employees in pakistani software companies : The mediating role of self-efficacy

Khurram, Maira [22L-6020]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management sciences. . Abstract CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Research Problem 1.3. Research Gap 1.4. Research Objective 1.5. Research Questions 1.6. UNSDG Goal 2. Literature Review 2.1. Hybrid work 2.2. Self-efficacy 2.3. Employee retention 2.4. Social Cognitive Theory 2.5. Self Determination Theory 2.6. Job Demand-Resources Model 2.7. Relationship between Hybrid Work (IV) and Employee Retention (DV) 2.8. Relationship between Hybrid Work (IV) and Self-efficacy (Mediator) 2.9. Relationship between Self-efficacy (Mediator) and Employee Retention (DV) 2.10. Theoretical Model 2.11. Hypothesis Development 2.11.1. Hypothesis 1 2.11.2. Hypothesis 2 3. Research Design and Methodology 3.1. Purpose of Study 3.2. Type of Study 3.3. Extent of Researcher Interference 3.4. Study Setting 3.5. Unit of Analysis 3.6. Time Horizon 4. Data Collection 4.1. Sources of Data 4.2. Data Collection Method 4.3. Measuring Scale 4.4. Data Collection Tool Design 5. Sampling 5.1. Population 5.2. Element 5.3. Population Frame 5.4. Sample 5.5. Sampling Technique 5.6. Representatives of Sampling 5.7. Sample Size 6. Data Preparation and Processing 6.1. Goodness of Data 6.2. Reliability 6.3. Validity 7. Data Analysis Approach 7.1. Data Analysis 7.1.1. Sample profile (demography) 7.2. Descriptive Statistics 7.3. Normality testing 7.4. Correlation Analysis 8. Hypothesis Testing 8.1. Regression 8.1.1. Hybrid work and Retention 8.1.2. Hybrid work and self-efficacy 8.2. Mediation analysis 8.1.3. Self-Efficacy and Employee Retention 8.3. Sobel 8.4. ANOVA 8.5. Multi collinearity 8.6. Residual Analysis 9. Discussion 10. Conclusion 11. Implication 11.1. Theoretical Implications 11.2. Practical Implications 12. Limitation 13. Future Line of Research 14. References 15. Appendix A 15.1. Hybrid Work Scale 16. Appendix B 16.1. E-Work Self-efficacy Scale 17. Appendix C 17.1. Employee Retention Scale. Abstract This research paper analyzes the impact of hybrid work (which is essentially a combination of working part-time in the office and part-time at home, on the retention of Generation Z employees currently employed in Pakistani software firms. It also explores the role of self efficacy, i.e. the conviction of an employee in themselves to be able to achieve something in changing situations, in this relationship. This study is done on the basis that even though hybrid work is becoming extremely widespread, young technology employees continue to quit their jobs despite the flexibility offered by companies. Three theories have been used in the study: Social Cognitive Theory, Self Determination Theory and the Job Demands-Resources Model. There are two key questions in this research: What is the impact of hybrid work practices on retention of Gen Z employees working in software houses in Pakistan? What is the self-efficacy mediating effect between hybrid work arrangements and employee retention? A cross sectional, quantitative survey is conducted on Generation Z employees that work in Pakistani software houses. Validated scales are used to measure all the variables, with a Likert type format, such as the Hybrid Work Scale, the E-Work Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Employee Retention scale. The two hypotheses in this study are: Hybrid work is a strong influence of employee retention and Hybrid work is related to employee retention through self-efficacy. Hybrid work arrangements are not researched in Pakistan, especially in software houses where projects and digital cooperation are the priority. This research paper addresses a research gap since there has been no previous study that has examined this subject in the Pakistani software firms. The study should also enable HR managers to develop superior hybrid work policies that should retain these young employees and minimize turnover. Keywords: hybrid work, employee retention, generation z, self-efficacy.

Date Published:2026

The impact of fear of missing career opportunities among students leads to career burnout : The mediating role of career readiness

Fatima, Lujjain [22L-6008]

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business administration to the Department of Management sciences. Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgement. List of Tables List of Figures.. List of Acronyms. 1. Introduction 1.1. Background.. 1.2. Research Problem 1.3. Research Gap. 1.4. Research Objectives 1.5. Research Questions 1.6. Scope of Study... 1.7. Study Variables 1.7.1. Fear of Missing Career Opportunities (FoMCO) (IV). 1.7.2. Employee Readiness (Employability Skills) (Mediator) 1.7.3. Career Burnout (DV). 1.8. Sustainable Development Goals and Their Alignment.. 2. Literature Review 2.1. Fear of Missing Creer Opportunities (FOMCO) 2.2. Career Readiness.. 2.3. Career Burnout. 2.4. FoMCO Career Readiness Career Burnout. 2.5. Career Readiness as a Mediator. 2.6. Theoretical Framework 2.6.1. Independent Variable: 2.6.2. Dependent Variable: 2.6.3. Mediating Variable: 2.7. Hypothesis Development. Hypothesis (1) Hypothesis (2) Hypothesis (3) 3. Research Methodology and Data Collection 3.1. Research Methodology. 3.1.1. Purpose of Study 3.1.2. Type of study.... 3.1.3. Extent of Researcher's Interference..... 3.1.4. Study Setting... 3.2. Data Collection 3.2.1. Measurement..3.2.2. Sampling.... 3.2.3. Unit of Analysis. 3.2.4. Time Horizon.... 4. Results & Discussion 4.1. Data Analysis 4.1.1. Sample Profile 4.1.2. Measuring Constructs.... 4.2. Exploratory Phase. 4.2.1. Measurement Model Assessment. 4.3. Hypothesis Testing 4.3.1. Bootstrapping. 4.4. R-square & F-square 4.5. Discussion 4.5.1. Theoretical and Practical Implications 5. Conclusion 5.1.1. Limitations and Future Directions.. References .. Appendix.. Survey Questionnaire. Abstract This study examines how Fear of Missing Career Opportunities (FoMCO) influences university students' career development outcomes and overall physical wellbeing in Pakistan. The study also addresses a growing concern among young adults navigating competitive job-markets, analyzing how FoMCO when expressed through peer-comparison, uncertainty in decision-making process and pressure to pursue career paths that align with trends shapes students' emotional and behavioral responses. Career Readiness characterized as set of skills; communication, problem-solving and job-search skills is introduced as a mediating factor that may strengthen or weaken the effect of FoMCO. Career Burnout is studied as the physical and behavioral outcome of prolonged career-related pressure, reflected through exhaustion, reduced stamina, and declining engagement in career preparation activities. Using a quantitative approach, the study collects data of 360 students from university students in Pakistan through a structured questionnaire and analyses variable relationships using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings reveal that FOMCO has a positive and significant relationship with both Career Readiness and Career Burnout, indicating that fear-driven career pressure can simultaneously motivate students toward career preparation while also increasing psychological and physical exhaustion. However, the mediating effect of Career Readiness between FoMCO and Career Burnout was found to be statistically insignificant, suggesting that burnout is more strongly influenced by direct psychological stress and comparison-based pressure than by employability preparedness alone. The study contributes to the growing literature on student career development and psychological wellbeing within the Pakistani educational context by highlighting the dual role of FoMCO as both a motivational and stress-inducing factor. The findings further provide practical insights for educational institutions and policymakers to strengthen career support systems, employability training, and psychological wellbeing initiatives aimed at reducing burnout among university students. Keywords: Fear of Missing Career Opportunities (FoMCO), Career Readiness, Career Burnout, University Students, Employability, Psychological Wellbeing, PLS-SEM.

Date Published:2026

An introduction to numerical computation

Shen, Wen.

Included Index. 1 Computer Arithmetic 2 Polynomial Interpolation 3 Piecewise Polynomial Interpolation: Splines 4 Numerical Integration 5 Numerical Solutions of Non-linear Equations 6 Direct Methods for Systems of Linear Equations 7 Fixed Point Iterative Solvers for Linear and Non-linear Systems 8 The Method of Least Squares 9 Numerical Solutions of ODEs 10 Numerical Methods for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems 11 Finite Difference Methods for Some Partial Differential Equations 12 A Few Other Important Algorithms. Developed during ten years of teaching experience, this book serves as a set of lecture notes for an introductory course on numerical computation, at the senior undergraduate level. These notes contain the material that can be covered in a semester, together with a few optional sections for additional reading. Rather than surveying a large number of algorithms, the book presents the most important computational methods and emphasizes the underlying mathematical ideas. In most chapters, graphs and drawings are relied on, to build up intuition. The notes are written in a rather colloquial style, presenting the subject matter in the same form as it can be explained in a classroom. For instructors, this will minimize the amount of effort required to prepare their blackboard presentations.As prerequisites, the book only relies on standard calculus, an introductory course on matrices, and some basic computer programming skills. As a new feature, these notes are supplemented by two sets of videos from the author's Youtube channel. These videos contain a complete set of live lectures given in Spring 2015, together with a complete set of short tutorials, from 5 to 15 minutes each.A set of homework problems is included at the end of each chapter. Homework projects cover a variety of applications, in connection with population dynamics, engineering, mechanics, image reconstruction, etc. A complete set of solutions is available for instructors, upon request.

Date Published:2016

Principles of data science : A beginner's guide to essential math and coding skills for data fluency and machine learning

Ozdemir, Sinan.

Includes index. Table of Contents Data Science Terminology Types of Data The Five Steps of Data Science Basic Mathematics Impossible or Improbable - A Gentle Introduction to Probability Advanced Probability What are the Chances? An Introduction to Statistics Advanced Statistics Communicating Data How to Tell if Your Toaster is Learning - Machine Learning Essentials Predictions Don't Grow on Trees, or Do They? Introduction to Transfer Learning and Pre-trained Models Mitigating Algorithmic Bias and Tackling Model and Data Drift AI Governance Navigating Real-World Data Science Case Studies in Action. Principles of Data Science bridges mathematics, programming, and business analysis, empowering you to confidently pose and address complex data questions and construct effective machine learning pipelines. This book will equip you with the tools to transform abstract concepts and raw statistics into actionable insights. Starting with cleaning and preparation, you'll explore effective data mining strategies and techniques before moving on to building a holistic picture of how every piece of the data science puzzle fits together. Throughout the book, you'll discover statistical models with which you can control and navigate even the densest or the sparsest of datasets and learn how to create powerful visualizations that communicate the stories hidden in your data. With a focus on application, this edition covers advanced transfer learning and pre-trained models for NLP and vision tasks. You'll get to grips with advanced techniques for mitigating algorithmic bias in data as well as models and addressing model and data drift. Finally, you'll explore medium-level data governance, including data provenance, privacy, and deletion request handling. By the end of this data science book, you'll have learned the fundamentals of computational mathematics and statistics, all while navigating the intricacies of modern ML and large pre-trained models like GPT and BERT. Transform your data into insights with must-know techniques and mathematical concepts to unravel the secrets hidden within your data Key Features Learn practical data science combined with data theory to gain maximum insights from data Discover methods for deploying actionable machine learning pipelines while mitigating biases in data and models Explore actionable case studies to put your new skills to use immediately Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book Description Principles of Data Science bridges mathematics, programming, and business analysis, empowering you to confidently pose and address complex data questions and construct effective machine learning pipelines. This book will equip you with the tools to transform abstract concepts and raw statistics into actionable insights. Starting with cleaning and preparation, you'll explore effective data mining strategies and techniques before moving on to building a holistic picture of how every piece of the data science puzzle fits together. Throughout the book, you'll discover statistical models with which you can control and navigate even the densest or the sparsest of datasets and learn how to create powerful visualizations that communicate the stories hidden in your data. With a focus on application, this edition covers advanced transfer learning and pre-trained models for NLP and vision tasks. You'll get to grips with advanced techniques for mitigating algorithmic bias in data as well as models and addressing model and data drift. Finally, you'll explore medium-level data governance, including data provenance, privacy, and deletion request handling. By the end of this data science book, you'll have learned the fundamentals of computational mathematics and statistics, all while navigating the intricacies of modern ML and large pre-trained models like GPT and BERT. What you will learn Master the fundamentals steps of data science through practical examples Bridge the gap between math and programming using advanced statistics and ML Harness probability, calculus, and models for effective data control Explore transformative modern ML with large language models Evaluate ML success with impactful metrics and MLOps Create compelling visuals that convey actionable insights Quantify and mitigate biases in data and ML models Who this book is for If you are an aspiring novice data scientist eager to expand your knowledge, this book is for you. Whether you have basic math skills and want to apply them in the field of data science, or you excel in programming but lack the necessary mathematical foundations, you'll find this book useful. Familiarity with Python programming will further enhance your learning experience.

Date Published:2024

CompTIA Network+ guide to networks

West, Jill.

Earlier editions are published as: Network+ guide to networks / Tamara Dean Registered trademark symbol appears after CompTIA in title Includes index. Introduction to networking Network infrastructure and documentation Addressing on networks Network protocols and routing Network cabling Wireless networking Virtualization and cloud computing Subnets and VLANs Network risk management Security in network design Network performance and recovery Wide Area Networks Appendix A. CompTIA Network+ N10-007 certification exam objectives Appendix B. Visual guide to connectors Appendix C. CompTIA Network+ practice exam. Master the technical skills and industry knowledge you need to begin an exciting career installing, configuring and troubleshooting computer networks with West/Dean/Andrews' NETWORK+ GUIDE TO NETWORKS, 8th edition. It thoroughly prepares you for success on CompTIA's Network+ N10-007 certification exam with fully mapped coverage of all objectives, including protocols, topologies, hardware, network design, security and troubleshooting. Virtualization-based projects give you experience working with a wide variety of hardware, software, operating systems and device interactions, while "On the Job" stories, Applying Concepts activities, and Hands-On and Capstone Projects let you explore concepts in more depth. MindTap Networking offers additional practice and certification prep. The text's emphasis on real-world problem solving provides the tools for success in any computing environment -- $$c Publisher.

Date Published:2019

Guide to parallel operating systems with windows 10 and linux

Carswell, Ron.

Date Published:2017

Beginning C : From beginner to pro

Morris, German Gonzalez.

Accessibility summary: This PDF does not fully comply with PDF/UA standards, but does feature limited screen reader support, described non-text content (images, graphs), bookmarks for easy navigation and searchable, selectable text. Users of assistive technologies may experience difficulty navigating or interpreting content in this document. We recognize the importance of accessibility, and we welcome queries about accessibility for any of our products. If you have a question or an access need, please get in touch with us at accessibilitysupport@springernature.com. No reading system accessibility options actively disabled Publisher contact for further accessibility information: accessibilitysupport@springernature.com. Includes index. Primary Content Assistive features: Table of contents navigation Assistive features: Single logical reading order Assistive features: Short alternative textual descriptions Assistive features: Use of color is not sole means of conveying information Assistive features: Use of high contrast between text and background color Assistive features: Next / Previous structural navigation Assistive features: All non-decorative content supports reading without sight Access mode: textual Assistive features: taggedPDF. Intro Table of Contents About the Authors About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Programming in C The C Language The Standard Library Learning C Creating C Programs Editing Compiling Linking Executing Creating Your First Program Editing Your First Program Dealing with Errors Dissecting a Simple Program Comments Preprocessing Directives Defining the main() Function Keywords The Body of a Function Outputting Information Function Arguments Control Characters Trigraph Sequences The Preprocessor Developing Programs in C Understanding the Problem Detailed Design Implementation Testing Functions and Modular Programming Common Mistakes Points to Remember Summary Chapter 2: First Steps in Programming Memory in Your Computer What Is a Variable? Naming Variables Variables That Store Integers Using Variables Initializing Variables Basic Arithmetic Operations More on Division with Integers Unary Operators Unary Minus Operator Variables and Memory Signed Integer Types Unsigned Integer Types Specifying Integer Constants Binary Integer Constants Hexadecimal Constants Octal Constants Default Integer Constant Types Digit Separators Working with Floating-Point Numbers Floating-Point Number Representation Floating-Point Variables Float Division Using Floating-Point Values Controlling the Number of Decimal Places in the Output Controlling the Output Field Width More Complicated Expressions Checked Integer Arithmetic constexpr Defining Named Constants Knowing Your Limitations Introducing the sizeof Operator Choosing the Correct Type for the Job Explicit Type Conversion Automatic Conversions Rules for Implicit Conversions Implicit Conversions in Assignment Statements Type Inference typeof More Numeric Data Types Character Type Character Input and Character Output Enumerations Choosing Enumerator Values Unnamed Enumeration Types Variables That Store Boolean Values The op= Form of Assignment Mathematical Functions Designing a Program The Problem The Analysis The Solution Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Summary Chapter 3: Making Decisions. Learn how to program using C, beginning from first principles and progressing through step-by-step examples. This seventh edition is fully updated to reflect new features of C23, and addresses deprecated functions and features that are no longer supported. You'll discover that C is a foundation language that every programmer ought to know. Beginning C is written by renowned author Ivor Horton and expert programmer German Gonzalez-Morris. This book increases your programming expertise by guiding you through the development of fully working C applications that use what you've learned in a practical context. Examples of how to use deprecated functions are also provided, along with new examples for replacing them when a simple solution is possible. By the end of the book you'll be confident in your skills with all facets of the widely-used and powerful C language and be able to strike out on your own by trying the exercises included at the end of each chapter. All you need are this book and any of the widely available C compilers, and you'll soon be writing real C programs.

Date Published:2024

Computing essentials 2025 : Making it work for you Introductory 2025

O'Leary, Daniel A.

Included Index. . Information technology, the Internet, and you 2. The Internet, the Web, and electronic commerce 3. Application software 4. System software 5. The system unit 6. Input and output 7. Secondary storage 8. Communications and networks 9. Privacy, security, and ethics 10. Information systems 11. Databases 12. Systems analysis and design 13. Programming and languages Evolution of the computer age The computer buyer's guide. Computing Essentials adds a focus on the growing impact of AI tools on industries and careers, ethical considerations of AI, AI presence in social media, and innovative uses of AI. These concepts have been incorporated into the main text, as well as the Privacy, Ethics, Community, Making IT Work for You, and A Look to the Future features."-- Provided by publisher. Computing Essentials adds a focus on the growing impact of AI tools on industries andcareers, ethical considerations of AI, AI presence in social media, andinnovative uses of AI. These concepts have been incorporated into the maintext, as well as the Privacy, Ethics, Community, Making IT Work for You, and ALook to the Future features.

Date Published:2024

Muallim ul Quran (Volume 4; Unit 7) : Fahm-e-Quran ke liye bunyadi kitab

Bashir. Ubaid ur Rahman,

Unit 7.

Date Published:2025

Muallim ul Quran (Volume 3; Unit 6) : Fahm-e-Quran ke liye bunyadi kitab

Bashir. Ubaid ur Rahman,

Unit 5.

Date Published:2025

Muallim ul Quran (Volume 2; Unit 4-5) : Fahm-e-Quran ke liye bunyadi kitab

Bashir. Ubaid ur Rahman,

Unit 4 Unit 5.

Date Published:2025

Muallim ul Quran (Volume 1; Unit 1-3) : Fahm-e-Quran ke liye bunyadi kitab

Bashir. Ubaid ur Rahman,

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3.

Date Published:2025